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### **Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation** #### **Definition:** Recurrent shoulder dislocation refers to repeated episodes of dislocation of the **glenohumeral joint** (the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder), usually after an initial traumatic dislocation. This condition often involves structural damage to the stabilizing structures of the shoulder. --- ### **Causes:** * **Initial traumatic dislocation** (common in sports injuries) * **Capsular laxity** (loosened joint capsule) * **Bankart lesion** (tear of the labrum) * **Hill-Sachs lesion** (dent in the humeral head) * **Hyperlaxity disorders** (e.g., Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) --- ### **Types of Instability:** 1. **Anterior** (most common – arm externally rotated and abducted) 2. **Posterior** 3. **Multidirectional** --- ### **Symptoms:** * Repeated episodes of shoulder dislocation or subluxation * Sensation of the shoulder 'slipping out' * Pain and weakness * Limited range of motion * Avoidance of certain arm positions --- ### **Diagnosis:** * **History & physical exam** * **Imaging**: * X-ray (to see bone damage) * MRI (to detect labral tears and soft tissue injuries) * CT scan (for detailed bone assessment) --- ### **Treatment:** #### **Non-surgical:** * Physiotherapy for muscle strengthening * Activity modification * Bracing (in select cases) #### **Surgical:** * **Arthroscopic Bankart repair** * **Latarjet procedure** (bone transfer to prevent dislocation) * **Capsular shift** (tightens the capsule) * Surgery is more common in young athlete